Qualitative Coding
Find themes in unstructured text.
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---
name: Qualitative Coding
description: Find themes in unstructured text.
---
# Qualitative Coding
Qualitative data (interviews, open-ended responses) yields patterns only after systematic coding. Reading and "getting a feel" produces confirmation bias.
## Method
- **Open code first.** Read a sample and label every meaningful segment with a code that emerges from the data, not a pre-decided list.
- **Group codes into themes.** Related codes cluster into higher-level themes. The themes are what you report.
- **Code for disconfirming evidence.** Actively seek quotes that contradict your emerging themes. If you can't find any, either the theme is robust or you're not looking hard enough.
- **Track frequency.** A theme in 9 of 10 interviews is signal; in 1 of 10 is anecdote. Both can matter, but they're not the same.
## Trust
Two coders independently code a sample and compare. Disagreement reveals where the codebook is ambiguous.